The rapid transcontinentat settlement and these new urban industrial circumstances of the last half of the 19th century were accompanied by the development of national literature of great abundance and variety. New themes, new forms, new subjects, new regions, new authors, new audiences all emerged in the literature of this half century.

   As a result, at the onset of World War I, the spirit and substance of American literature had evolved remarkably, just as its center of production had shifted from Boston to New York in the late 1880s and the sources of its energy to Chicago and the Midwest. No longer was it produced, at least in its popular forms, in the main by solemn, typically moralistic men from New England and the Old South; no longer were polite, well-dressed, grammatically correct, middle-class young people the only central characters in its narratives; no longer were these narratives to be set in exotic places and remote times; no longer, indeed, were fiction, poetry, drama, and formal history the chief acceptable forms of literary expression; no longer, finally, was literature read primarily by young, middle class women.

   In sum, American literature in these years fulfilled in considerable measure the condition Walt Whitman called for in 1867 in describing Leaves of Grass: it treats, he said of his own major work, each state and region as peers "and expands from them, and includes the world ... connecting an American citizen with the citizens of all nations."

Read the following passage and mark the letters A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The main idea of this passage is________.

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• The word "supported" in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _______.

• The Daylight Saving Time Energy Act of 1973 was responsible for ..

• The word “sensational” is closest in meaning to .............

ZUNIA12

• Which of the following is NOT true about life in the future?

• The Beatles stopped their live performances because __________

• The pronoun "they" in the second paragraph refers to ..........

• How did John feel about his fears in the end?

• What does the author probably mean by using the expression “children interrupt their education to go to school” (lines 2-3) ?

• The phrase broke out in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning ...............

• As mentioned in the text, who are the most active when their team has the ball?

• Which of the following is NOT true about algae?

• What form of street lighting was used in London when link boys used to work there?

• The author mentions all of the following as concerns of telecommuting EXCEPT ________.

• According to the passage, today’s Thanksgiving ..........

• According to the passage, the Eric Canal connected the .............

• The word "vulnerable" in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to .............

• The expression “on its own” in the last sentence can be best replaced by “.................”

• Why do most visitors come to Cambridge?

• Which of the followings is true about the job of the freelance writers?

• What will happen if a dodder plant starts growing where there are no other plants around?