A rather surprising geographical feature of Antarctica is that a huge freshwater, one of the world’s largest and deepest, lies hidden there under four kilometers of ice. Now known as Lake Vostok, this huge body of water is located under the ice block that comprises Antarctica. The lake is able to exist in its unfrozen state beneath this block of ice because its waters are warned by geothermal heat from the earth’s core. This thick glacier above Lake Vostok actually insulates it from frigid temperatures (the lowest ever recorded on Earth) on the surface.

   The lake was first discovered in the 1970s while a research team was conducting an aerial survey of the area. Radio waves from the survey equipment penetrated the ice and revealed a body of water of indeterminate size. It was not until much more recently that data collected by satellite made scientists aware of the tremendous size of the lake; satellite-borne radar detected an extremely flat region where the ice remains level because it is floating on the water of the lake.

   The discovery of such a huge fresh water lake trapped under Antarctica is of interest to the scientific community because of the potential that the lake contains ancient microbes that have survived for thousands upon thousands of years, unaffected by factors such as nuclear fallout and elevated ultraviolet light that have conducting research on the lake in such a harsh climate and in the problems associated with obtaining uncontaminated sampled from the lake without actually exposing the lake to contamination. Scientists are looking for possible ways to accomplish this.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

The purpose of the passage is to __________.

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• According to the passage, what does a constricted and harsh voice indicate?

• Sign language is said to be very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally EXCEPT for ..........

• Sixty years ago, most women ..............

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• It can be inferred from the passage that _____________

• The first songs of the Beatles were ................

• Which is the most popular sport in the US?

• According to the passage, a regional university rector in Germany is elected by _____.

• The word "fused" in line 2 is closest in meaning to .........

• The latter half of the last sentence in paragraph 3, “or one tourist for every person living in Spain” means .........

• The statement: "Colloquialisms, on the other hand, are familiar words and idioms that are understood by almost all speakers of a language and used in informal speech or writing, but not considered acceptable for more formal situations." means:

• The word “immense” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.

• What does the passage mainly discuss?

• The word “vital” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to______

• According to paragraph 2, which of the following is not true about fungus growing on or near plants?

• What is the purpose of the passage?

• According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

• When was M.L. born?

•  The word “metamorphosis” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to ................

• All of the following are defined in the passage EXCEPT ............

• The word “devised” in paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ........