Islands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water, yet many islands are (i) _______________ a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to (ii) _______the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly attached to larger bodies of land, (iii) _______others were created on their own. Islands that were created when Hooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have the plant life that they had before they were cut off. In cases where islands formed out of the ocean, they may have plant life from neighboring lands even though they were never actually attached to the neighboring lands. Winds (iv) _______many seeds to islands; some plants produce extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the Earth and then drift down to islands where y can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to islands; as birds move over open stretches of water, they can (v)       _______the transportation system to spread seeds from place to place.

(ii)____

He leaned back, exulting _____ the success of his plan. 

Ang Lee’s work caught the (i) _______ of the William Morris Agency. This agency became interested in Ang’s movies and hired him. But in the end, they did not give Ang Lee a chance to make movies in the USA. (ii) _______ 6 years, Lee stayed home to take (iii) _______ of the house and his two children. His wife, Jane Ling, was a molecular (iv) _______ and supported the family. This situation was embarrassing for Lee because of the culture he grew (v) _______  in. But, during this hard time, he wrote many screenplays for movies

(ii)____

As Key watched the British open fire on Fort McHenry, the massive fort which guarded the harbor, he caught a (i) ________  of the American flag flying in the breeze as cannon volleys caused flashes of gunfire and rising smoke all around the nation’s symbol. As the sun slid behind the edge of the earth and darkness fell, Key watched, waited, and worried as the bombardment continued. He was unable to leam – or even guess – what was transpiring in front of his eyes because he could only see the flashes sent forth by the cannons and gunfire as they targeted the huge fort (ii) ________  that very dark night. In the early morning hours, as Key peered out over the horizon toward the fort’s ramparts to try to determine what had happened during that long night, he saw the glorious sight of the American flag still flying in the breeze. The battle was over. Fort McHenry had withstood the attack. And the flag was still there. The British naval officers permitted Key and the other Americans (iii) ________  to shore, and as he did Key began scribbling furiously on a (iv) ________  of paper the words he believed described the bombardment of Fort McHenry and the thrill he felt after the battle when he saw the American flag still waving in the breeze. Key wrote about the events in verse and within a short time, the Words were put to music. Unofficially, the song became the national Anthem and in 1931, more than a hundred years after the battle at Ft.McHrnry in 1814, the United States Congress passed a law which formally (v) ________  the song as the national anthem.

(iv)____

Public _________ in my town is good and cheap.

For some, the advent of television marked the beginning of the end of civilised society. More and more, people have watched TV at the (i)  _______  of playing cards or board games, or other communal pastimes. Many fear that the Internet too will further limit social interaction. That may be true but, as researehers at Stanford University in the USA are the first to say, further study is needed. In a recent survey they found that the Internet and the use of email have actually increased some forms of human interaction. What’s more, people who go online are (ii) _______  watch less television than others. The study makes two things clear. Contrary to all the fuss in the media, the Internet’s popularity is still in its infancy. More than half of US households are not connected yet, but the Internet’s potential impact (iii) _______  we live and interact is enormous. Workers may be using the Web on the job for such personal ends as checking sports scores but, according to the study, they also use the Internet to work from home. Just 4 per cent of the surveyed Internet users said they had cut back on their working hours since getting connected to the Internet.But will the Internet make US more isolated socially? While a fourth of the Internet users say they spend less lime talking on the telephone with friends and relatives, email allows them to stay in touch, regardless of distance. Since email is (iv) _______  and can be sent and received at any hour of the day, it has many built-in advantages. For some, it has actually revived the highly social art of letter writing. As for spending less time on the telephone, the continuing boom in mobile phone use makes an overall decrease less and less likely. Few would argue that the Internet has had a profound effect on the lives of many in its first decade of common use. But assessing its long-term impact is difficult. That’s why for all the questions they raise, studies such as Stanford’s are so useful. If we don’t pay close attention to how we use the Internet, it will change our lives not just for (v) _______  , but for worse.

(v)_____

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word or phrase that is CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined part in each of the following questions: 

Don’t you ever mention that matter again. I will not hear anything of it.

Electric charges never stand (i) _______ , but flow from one point to another. This flow is called an electric current and is measured in ampere. Many modern electronic devices (ii) _______ use of electric currents in order to transport electric energy. In nature, there is also (iii) _______ stored electricity, which comes out and is released through lightning during a storm. Men have stored electric energy in huge power stations, (iv) _______ then transmit or send electricity to customers by (v) _______ wires. The electric energy used by customers is measured in watts.

(v)_____

In northern Europe, during the same time period traders developed a similar type of customary law for commercial relationships. The system, referred to as the Law Merchant, also prevented those who had not traded fairly and honestly with merchants (i) ______ merchants participating in the system. The Law Merchant, unlike the Maghribi association, included a system of arbitration to settle disputes. The merchants’ goal of expediting and facilitating commercial transactions continued as customary law for commercial transactions throughout the centuries. In the United States, the Law Merchant has been adapted and codified as the Uniform Commercial Code. Folk law is also customaiy law. Recently in Botswana, Africa, (ii) ______ has been an attempt to codify folk law, but some lawmakers oppose the idea because they believe that codification would limit the diversity of cultures which exists throughout the country. The legislators’ belief is that customary law relates to individual tribes and (iii) ______ the culture of each tribe is different and should be preserved. Those who (iv) ______     codification, on the other hand, contend that tribal culture would be better preserved and would provide tribal chiefs with a set of guidelines for administering justice rather than requiring the chiefs to depend upon customary laws (v)  ______ down by words of mouth from earlier generations.

(ii)______

Around 1190, Tcmujjin and his close allies and advisers began to unite many (i) _____ Mongol clans. Using his strong will and charisma, he managed to persuade (ii) _____ of those fighting and warring clans to accept him as the one and only leader. It seems Tcmujjin had a gift, the unusual ability to act as a leader and (iii) _____ respect. Several tribes tried to oppose him. There were a lot of betrayals and killings, but eventually Tcmujjin managed to do what nobody had ever done before: unite all Mongols (iv) _____  one nation in 1206. In honor of his achievements, the Mongol clan chiefs (v) _____Tcmujjin the title Khan, or “leader”.

(v)_____

You should _________ right and left when you go across the roads.

How to protect children web fans from unsuitable material online while encouraging them to use the Internet has long been discussed in the U.S. For some parents, the Internet can seem like a jungle, filed with danger for their children. But jungles contain wonders as well as hazard and with good guides, some education, and a few precautions, the wilds of the Internet can be safely navigated. “Kids have to be online. If we tell our kids they can’t (i) _______ the Internet, we’re cutting them off from their future,” said an expert.

Most kids have started to use seareh engines. Many of them are great for finding tons of interesting Internet sites, and they can also locale places where you might not want your kids to go. There are seareh engines (ii) _______ just for kids. A certain software contains only sites that have been selected as safe.

The most popular way to limit access would be to use what is known as a “content screener”. But this can’t be wholly reliable, and the best thing parents can do is to talk to their kids and let them know what is OK or not OK to see or do on the Internet. Another way is that mum or dad is nearby when the child is surfing the Internet.

A few other tips:

Don’t put the PC in a child’s room but keep it in an area where mum or dad can keep (iii) _______ hings. That also makes the Internet more of a family activity.

Ask your child (iv) _______ he or she has been doing and about any friends they make online.
Tell your child not to give on-line strangers (v) _______ information, especially like address and phone number.

And tell your children never to talk to anyone they meet online over the phone, send them anything, accept anything from them or agree to meet with them unless you go along.

(v)______

Laos and Cambodia have big plans for building up to 11 ___________ on the lower Mekong.

Please _______ these papers. 

The old version of the hula is the hula kahiko. It is a very melodic and sensuous dance, performed to bring (i) _______ to the senses. The dancers gently move their hips back and forth while singing and telling a story with their fingers. Hula kahikos can be funny fishermen stories, or very serious historical tales. (ii) _______ them were performed to entertain or praise kings or chiefs. But (iii) _______ serious hulas were religious performances made inside a temple. It was a sign of bad luck to make a mistake during a hula performance. Therefore, dancers were secluded inside the temple while learning the dance. They could not (iv) _______ by anybody, and were not allowed to leave until they knew the dance by heart and could execute (v) _______ without any mistakes

(iii)_____

I see the price of bread has _______ again. 

During the last 400 years, most scientists have based on mathematics in their development of their inventions or discoveries. However, one great British scientist, Michael Faraday, did not make (i) _______ of mathematics. Faraday, the son of a poor blacksmith, was born in London in 1971 and had no (ii)  _______  beyond reading and writing. In 1812, Faraday was hired as a bottle washer by a great chemist Humphry Davy. Later, Faraday became a greater scientist than Davy, making the last years of Davy’s life embittered (iii) _______ jealousy. Faraday made the first (iv) _______  motor in 1821, a device that used electricity to produce movement. Then Faraday became interested in the relationship between electricity and magnetism. In 1831, he discovered that when a magnet is moved near a wire, electricity flows in the wire. With this discovery, he produced a machine for making electricity called a dynamo. Faraday then went on to show how electricity affects chemical substances. Because Faraday believed that money should be given to the poor, when he grew old, he was destitute. (v) _______, Queen Victoria rewarded him for his discoveries by giving him a stipend and a house. He died in 1867.

(ii)______

Special effects, abbreviated SPFX or SPF, are a (i) _______ enhancing and intensifying the impact a filmed scene has on its audience in order to create an optical illusion which would render that particular image undistinguishable (ii) _______  reality. Special effects engineers have at their disposal a (iii) _______ number of techniques, ranging from traditional theatre effects to sophisticated photography and modem computer graphics, which are often used in one single shot (iv) _______ create the desired effect.

Most special effects are employed to obtain effects that cannot (v) _______ by normal means, such as intcrgalactic battles or space travelling; others are substituted for more expensive real-life effects, such as high-blast explosions, while others still are there to recreate the particular atmosphere of long- ago times, such as restoring the arehitectural splendour of a princely castle.

(i)______-

Islands are geographical formations that are completely surrounded by water, yet many islands are (i) _______________ a rich assortment of plant life. It may seem surprising that so much plant life exists on many islands, yet there are surprisingly simple explanations as to (ii) _______the vegetation has been able to establish itself there. Some islands were formerly attached to larger bodies of land, (iii) _______others were created on their own. Islands that were created when Hooding or rising water levels cut them off from their neighbors often still have the plant life that they had before they were cut off. In cases where islands formed out of the ocean, they may have plant life from neighboring lands even though they were never actually attached to the neighboring lands. Winds (iv) _______many seeds to islands; some plants produce extremely light seeds that can float thousands of feet above the Earth and then drift down to islands where y can sprout and develop. Birds also carry seeds to islands; as birds move over open stretches of water, they can (v)       _______the transportation system to spread seeds from place to place.

(iv)____

Animism is another important belief of Polynesian cultures. With animism, the spirits (i) _______ to have personalities and human-like traits. Sometimes the spirits are referred to as “he” and “she” by people who believe in animism. Spirits are reported to animate natural objects and everything in nature – whether a flower, dirt, or a rock – are thought to have their own unique, different spirit. The Native American cultures also believed in animism, but their concept of this belief was (ii) _______ different from the Polynesians’ belief. While the Polynesians believed everything possessed different spirits, the Native Americans believed that everything in nature had the same spirit. Both cultures believed that the spirits could be good, bad, or neutral (iii) _______ that the spirits could be loving, frightening, or mischievous.

They also believed that if people did things to displease the spirits then the spirits might respond to those who had displeased them in unfriendly and unpleasant ways. Most cultures believe in the ghosts or souls of ancestors because most cultures believe there is a separation of the body and soul (iv) _______ death.

The cultures which believe in ancestral spirits believe these spirits remain an integral part of the family and that, if treated well, the ancestors will bless the families in many ways – whether in business success, agricultural production, or personal relationships. Asian cultures (v) _______ to have a more favourable attitude about ancestral spirits than do the European cultures who often believe that the ghosts of ancestors can be dangerous and do frightening things such as haunting houses.

(i)_____

While the hair, skin, and nails show outward signs of aging, the heart and other internal organs are also (i) ________ by the aging process. Usually there is restricted blood flow to the heart as people age. Part of the reason is that there is a normal atrophy of the heart muscle and the heart valves begin calcifying.

Additionally, the arteries (ii) ________ the blood passes may become less elastiC. Because of some or all of these factors, the reduced flow of blood results in a reduced stamina for people (iii) ________ there is less oxygen passing through and being exchanged in a person’s system. As people age normally, there is also a reduced efficiency of the respiratory system. People have less ability to (iv) ________ deeply and the airway passages become less elastic as a result. Smoking and pollution do not help the respiratory changes in older adults, nor docs the loss of muscle tone and strength. Physical exercise, however, seems to be one of the best ways to (v) ________ improve some cases, slop the changes breathing and muscle tone that develop as people age.

(iv)______