Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
Glass is a remarkable substance made from the simplest raw materials. It can be colored or colorless, monochrome or polychrome, transparent, translucent, or opaque. It is lightweight impermeable to liquids, readily cleaned and reused, durable yet fragile, and often very beautiful. Glass can be decorated in multiple ways and its optical properties are exceptional. In all its myriad forms - as table ware, containers, in architecture and design - glass represents a major achievement in the history of technological developments.
Since the Bronze Age about 3,000 B.C., glass has been used for making various kinds of objects. It was first made from a mixture of silica, line and an alkali such as soda or potash, and these remained the basic ingredients of glass until the development of lead glass in the seventeenth century. When heated, the mixture becomes soft and malleable and can be formed by various techniques into a vast array of shapes and sizes. The homogeneous mass thus formed by melting then cools to create glass, but in contrast to most materials formed in this way (metals, for instance), glass lacks the crystalline structure normally associated with solids, and instead retains the random molecular structure of a liquid. In effect, as molten glass cools, it progressively stiffens until rigid, but does so without setting up a network of interlocking crystals customarily associated with that process. This is why glass shatters so easily when dealt a blow. Why glass deteriorates over time, especially when exposed to moisture, and why glassware must be slowly reheated and uniformly cooled after manufacture to release internal stresses induced by uneven cooling.
Another unusual feature of glass is the manner in which its viscosity changes as it turns from a cold substance into a hot, ductile liquid. Unlike metals that flow or "freeze" at specific temperatures glass progressively softens as the temperature rises, going through varying stages of malleability until it flows like a thick syrup. Each stage of malleability allows the glass to be manipulated into various forms, by different techniques, and if suddenly cooled the object retains the shape achieved at that point. Glass is thus amenable to a greater number of heat-forming techniques than most other materials.

The words "exposed to" in paragraph 2 most likely mean     .

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Tokyo/ most populous/ capital/ city/ world.

Chọn câu đồng nghĩa với câu trên:
We cut down many forests. The Earth becomes hot.

The ability to conduct electricity is one of the key properties of a metal. Other solid material such as silicon can conduct electricity but only effectively at certain temperatures. Also, some substances such as salt (sodium chloride) can conduct when molten or when dissolved in water. The ability of metals to conduct electricity is due to how their atoms bond together. In order to bond together the metal atoms lose at least one of their outermost electrons. This leaves the metal atoms with a positive charge and they are now strictly ions. The lost electrons are free to move in what are known as a sea of electrons. Since the electrons are negatively charged they attract the ions and this is what keeps the structure together.

An electric current is a flow of charge and since the electrons in the sea of electrons are free to move they can be made to flow in one direction when a source of electrical energy such as a battery is connected to the metal. Hence we have an electric current flowing through the wire, and this is what makes metals such good conductors of electricity. The only other common solid conducting material that pencil users are likely to encounter is graphite (what the 'lead' of a pencil is made from). Graphite is a form of carbon and again the carbon atoms bond in such a way that there is a sea of electrons that can be made to flow as an electric current. Likewise, if we have an ionic substance like salt we can make the electrically charged ions flow to create a current but only when those ions are free to move, either when the substance is a liquid or dissolved in water. In its solid state an ionic substance like salt cannot conduct electricity as its charged ions cannot flow.

Electrical insulators are substances that cannot conduct electricity well either, because they contain no charged particles or any charged particles they might contain do not flow easily. Water itself is a poor conductor or electricity as it does not contain a significant amount of fully charged particles (the ends of a water molecule are partly charged but overall the molecule is neutral). However, most water we encounter does contain dissolved charged particles, so it will be more conductive than pure water. Many of the problems that occur when touching electrical devices with wet hands result from the ever-present salt that is left on our skin through perspiration and it dissolves in the water to make it more conductive.

The atoms of a metal can bond together because________.

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Music can _________ you beat a bad mood or maintain a good mood.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
The rules of etiquette in American restaurants depend upon a number of factors the physical location of the restaurant, eg., rural or urban; the type of restaurant, eg., informal or formal; and certain standards that are more universal. In other words, some standards of etiquette vary significantly while other standards apply almost anywhere. Learning the proper etiquette in a particular type of restaurant in a particular area may sometimes require instruction, but more commonly it simply requires sensitivity and experience. For example, while it is acceptable to read a magazine in a coffee shop, it is inappropriate to do the same in a more luxurious setting. And, if you are eating in a very rustic setting it may be fine to tuck your napkin into your shirt, but if you are in a sophisticated urban restaurant this behavior would demonstrate a lack of manners. It is safe to say, however, that in virtually every restaurant it is unacceptable to indiscriminately throw your food on the floor. The conclusion we can most likely draw from the above is that while the types and locations of restaurant determine etiquette appropriate to them, some rules apply to all restaurant.

According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

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London/ city/ the/ historic/ is/ of/ buildings.

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Many countries in Asia agreed to _____ diplomatic relations.

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Jimmy sent his mother a ______ of flowers for her birthday.

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My English teacher _____ Mr Tuan Anh.

Julie failed the exam _____ of working very hard.

(301)_______

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We stayed friends even after we ________ and left home.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best combines each pair of sentences in the following questions.
The Matrix was released in 1999. It stars Keanu Reeves.

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She used __________ to a special school for deaf-mute students.

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Minh wishes he_________ a new bike.

Only one of the people__________ was qualified for the job.
(132)_______

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Many/ organizations/ have/ set up/ funds/ been raised.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the undelined part that needs correction in each of the following questions:
The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles - sand, silt, and clay - are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls. To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.
In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.
Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they
are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.

The word “dampened” in the passage is closest in meaning to _     .

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Cleaning the World’s Oceans
Imagine taking a romantic walk on the beach with your loved one. As the sun begins to set, you hope to treasure this moment forever. Just then, your bare feet stumble over something and you hear a crack. You have just stepped upon a plastic soda bottle and some junk that the tide has washed ashore. Scenarios like this are happening more frequently due to an access amount of sea rubbish, and the worst of it is found far from land. The increasing accumulation of garbage in oceans is due to a number of factors. Studies suggest that 80 percent of all debris originated on land. The majority of this waste is in the form of plastics. This is particularly troublesome because plastic does not degrade at the same rate that other materials do. Therefore, these articles will remain there for quite some time. Some of the pollution is caused accidentally. For example, about 10,000 product-filled containers are lost at sea every year by freight ships. In other cases, the littering is more deliberate, such as the moment when people toss things into the water from boats or land. One of the most startling discoveries of recent years was an area which is now dubbed the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. It is a large collection of marine debris that collected in the North Pacific Ocean. Although the patch is quite massive, it is undetectable from satellites in space because most of the rubbish is underneath the surface. It was discovered in 1997 by a man who happened to spot it while returning home from a sailing race. The patch formed as a result of rubbish being carried by currents and then getting trapped in the area. Thankfully, the problem of ocean garbage is not being ignored. Organizations like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) are taking action. It has funded 76 projects that take an aggressive approach to eliminating sea rubbish. Since 2006, it has removed 3,814 metric tons of marine debris from oceans. Methods of rubbish removal include using machines that skim the surface of ocean waters and remove any drifting materials found. In addition, special traps are set by the mouths of rivers to snatch rubbish before it reaches the sea. If everyone does their part, sea rubbish seems like an issue that can be resolved.
1. Where is most of the sea rubbish found?

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Saving the Rainforests
One of the hottest topics related to the environment is rainforests. Despite always being mentioned in the news, many people don’t know very much about these areas or understand why they are so important. The name “rainforest” actually does a pretty good job of describing what they are – tall forests that receive high amounts of precipitation. In a year, rainforests get between 250 to 450 centimetres of precipitation. There are two types of rainforests: tropical rainforests and temperate rainforests. Tropical rainforests are more plentiful and are located in warmer climates, while temperate rainforests are found in places where the weather is a bit milder. In terms of location, rainforests can be found on every continent with the exception of Antarctica. Although they only cover 6 percent of the Earth, over 50 percent of the Earth’s animal and plant species can be found there. Many biologists estimate that there are possibly millions of additional species present there that have yet to be discovered and classified. Over the years, rainforests have gained the nickname “the world’s pharmacy” because more than 25 percent of natural medicines were found there. Many herbs that are used to make medicines can only be found in rainforests. Rainforests are also home to several tribes that have lived off the land for thousands of years. During this time, they have survived by hunting animals and gathering fruits and vegetables. They also possess tremendous knowledge when it comes to crafting and applying medicines made from herbs and plants. Over time, their unique way of life has declined as they have come in contact with modern civilization. Despite their numerous benefits, rainforests have been disappearing at a rapid speed. As the Earth’s population continues to expand, developers have been cutting down their trees to create new lands for farming or urban projects. This could have unfortunate long-term effects on our planet. If deforestation continues at this rate, it is possible that a quarter of all species on the Earth may become extinct in the next 50 years. As it stands, plenty of damage has already occurred. West Africa has had 90 percent of its rainforests destroyed, while the island nation of Madagascar has eliminated 66 percent of its original rainforests as well. As a result, many charities have sprung up with the goal of purchasing and protecting the remaining rainforests. With their help, hopefully we can stop the destruction of one of the planet’s most vital assets.
5. What can be said about rainforests in West Africa and Madagascar?

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Math is ……. than chemistry.