There are many conservation efforts have been carried _______ to save endangered species 

Are you a fan of the popular logical puzzle that go by the name Sudoku? Even if you’re not, the chances are you know somebody who is. Once (i) _______ known outside Japan, this addictive brain teaser has become a common feature of newspaper puzzle pages all over the world. Sudoku’s great success owes much to its simplicity. The game (ii) _______ for neither mathematical ability nor general knowledge and there are just a few sentences of straightforward instructions to read before you can play. The only skill required is the ability to recognize the difference between nine different symbols, and these don’t even have to be numbers. Some clever marketing has helped the game. Western newspapers worked hard at promoting the game Without this, it is unlikely that it would have (iii) _______ off and become quite such a runaway success. The same also benefited from its Japanese name that made people in many parts of the world regard. It as a superior kind of puzzle compared to those you usually find in newspapers and magazines. But the popularity of Sudoku reached a peak in 2006, if the number of (iv) _______  on one leading website is anything to go by. Newspapers responded by (v) _______ up with new kinds of logical puzzles, all with simple rules and Japanese names. But for true Sudoku fans, only the real thing will do.

(iv)_____

Smart shoes that adjust their size throughout the day could soon be available. A prototype of such a shoe has already been produced and a commercial (i) _____ may be in production within a few years. The shoe contains sensors that constantly check the amount of (ii) _____ left in it. If the fool has become too large, a tiny valve opens and the shoe expands slightly. The entire control system is about 5mm square and is located inside the shoe. This radical shoe (iii) _____ a need because the volume of the average foot can change by as much as 8% during the course of the day. The system is able to learn about the wearer’s feet and build up a picture of the size of his or her feet throughout the day. It will allow the shoes to change in size by up to 8% so that they always fit (iv) _____. They are obviously more comfortable and less likely to cause blisters. From an athlete’s point of view, they can help improve performance a little, and that is why the first use for the system will find a place in other household items, from beds that automatically change to fit the person sleeping in them, to power tools that (v) _____themselves to the user’s hand for better grip. There is no reason why the system couldn’t be adapted for use in hundreds of consumer possessions.

(iii)_____

He knows where the boy was hiding but he didn't let  ...........

Today large sums of money go into the search for treatments for a whole range of diseases. Three hundred years ago, when European explorers returned from distant lands with unfamiliar substances they’d found there, the problem was how to (i) _____ the illnesses for which these new imports could possibly be a cure. When the brown chocolate bean was first (ii) _____  into Britain from Mexico, it was thought to have medicinal qualities. Sir Hans Sloane was the man who is said to have (iii) _____  with the idea of mixing the powdered bean with milk. Sloane was an important figure in eighteenth-century London, a landowner whose name lives on in some of the city’s most fashionable streets and squares. Less appreciated is his contribution to the beginning of a national addiction; the (iv) _____ Briton gets through eight kilograms of chocolate a year, a level of consumption exceeded only by the Swiss. Today, when almost every pleasure is regarded as addictive, the name ‘chocoholics” is given to people who can’t get enough of the stuff. (v) _____ of its fat and sugar content, chocolate is usually an enemy of slender elegance.

(i)_______

Aluminium foil is used to wrap food in the kitchen. It is very thin flexible metal sheet, sold in a roll, and since it is put in the oven. The invention of the foil in France in 1903 may not have seemed hugely significant at the time but it began a packaging revolution that was to change our whole (i) _______ of life. Until the early 20th century, everything bought from shops was wrapped with paper and string. (ii) _______ the growing technological expertise in the world, packaging remained quite basiC. Aluminium foil was not widely used until 1914, when people began using it as a secure top for milk bottles. Some forty years later, however, the packaging revolution really (iii) _______  when companies making the cans used for soft drinks stopped using tin, a metal which was becoming too expensive, and switched to aluminium. (iv) _______ production of aerosol cans soon followed. Al the turn of the 20th century, there was little or no packaging to throw away. But with the arrival of the new materials, what we now refer to as the “throw – away society” was bom. Disposable razors, for example, were (v) _______ to be used and then thrown aw’ay. The idea was appealing to manufacturers because it meant that the customer would always be coming back for more.

(ii)______-

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said, “(i) _____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (ii) _____ such an important part of daily life in China! Rice is still one of the (iii) _____ important kinds of food in the modem world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult eats more than 100 kilos of rice each year. We think that people first (iv) rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to cat pasta these days (v) _____ only cat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

(iii)___

There was _____ huge crowd of people outside the church. 

Choose a, b, c or d that best completes each unfinished sentence:

My friends and I meet for lunch once ____ a while.

Our teacher told us that if we don't .........  the environment, our grandchildren may not even be able to carry on living.

Japan is no longer an Empire. When it lost all of its colonics, it also (i) ______ Korea and Dokdo Island. Dokdo Island has always been Korean territory and part of its country. Japan only wants to rebuild its Empire by sending its ships there. On the other hand, Japan says that it only wants to check (ii) ______ for more fish. There are many South Korean fishing boats in the area and Japanese fishermen have no place to do their own fishing. However, Japan has similar problems with two (iii) ______ neighbors, China and Russia, over two other islands, Senkaku/ Diaoyu and North Territories/ Kurils.

Liancourt Rocks may (iv) ______ an unimportant matter, but it is not. If Japan gives up its right to it, it has a good chance of losing its right to other islands as well. Japan has demanded the USA to act as a judge in this argument, but South Korea refuses to (v) ______ another country decide over its own land.

(iii)______

lí’you’re interested in having the trip of a lifetime, but also doing something useful at the same time, then why not try joining a Grccnforcc expedition as a volunteer. Grccnforcc, which was (i) _____ in 1997, is an international researeh agency that gathers information about the wildlife and natural habitats in various parts of the world. There is a qualified biologist in (ii) _____ of each team of volunteers and these carry out surveys all year round in some of the world’s remotest and most beautiful places. Volunteers come from all walks of life. The minimum age is 18 years, but there is no upper age (iii)  _____. No previous experience is necessary as Greenforce provides full training in animal identification and survey methods. You’ll need to be somebody who enjoys the outdoor life, however, as working in remote locations can be challenging. You’ll also need to be (iv) _____ about wildlife and prepared to learn a lot about the place you visit. Each expedition lasts for ten weeks, and training begins in the UK with a residential weekend where you can get a taste of expedition life and meet up with some of your team mates, as (v) _____ as learning about first- aid and basic survival skills. Each volunteer contributes 2,550 towards the cost of the expedition, but past volunteers say it is worth every penny.

(ii)_______

Some years ago, when I was working as an astronomer at the Greenwich Observatory in London I received a letter from an elderly lady living nearby who said: “When I was a girl we could sec so I many stars, but they’re not there anymore. Have they faded?” Walking down the hill on which the observatory stands, I (i) _____ the truth of what she said. Beneath me were all the lights of London and above me was the orange glow they send up into the night sky. But I could (ii)  _____ see any stars. If light pollution – as this effect is known – continues to increase at its present rate, our grandchildren will only get the chance to see the stars if they visit an observatory like the one in Greenwich. Light pollution is almost (iii) _____ for granted in most cities, and it is fast spreading into rural areas too. (iv) _____ recent research, almost half of all Europeans and two-thirds of North Americans can no longer see the milky Way. And this type of pollution doesn’t only destroy our view of the night sky. It also wastes money and causes environmental pollution. For example, a single light bulb, (v) _____ all year, releases around a quarter of a tone of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, making global warming even worse.

(iii)_______

Choose A, B,C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the underlined part that needs correction in each of the following questions: 

I would rather that the weather is fine tomorrow morning.

The traffic was held  .......   by fog.

They have carried…… four first prizes 

Everyone needs a home where they feel sheltered and sale. Today we live in modem flats and houses, (i) ________ have air- conditioning to keep us cool, and heating to keep US warm. There is electricity for lighting and supplies of gas or oil for the heating. Hot and cold water (ii)__________________ from the taps and

dirty water disappears (iii)_________ the drains. Many of our homes have balconies or gardens. In the past, people made their homes from materials that they found nearby. When we look at different houses, we can tell how old they are from the materials used and the way they were built. It was different long (iv) ________ people did not have water in their homes and there were no electric lights. To keep warm,they sometimes made (v)________ inside their homes. With a fire started they could cook their food and heat waler

(iv)____

Stories about how people somehow know when they are being watched have been going around for years. However, lew (i) _______ have been made to investigate the phenomenon scientifically. Now, with the completion of the largest ever study of the so-called staring effect, there is impressive evidence that this is a recognizable and genuine sixth sense. The study involved hundreds of children. For the experiments, they sat with their eyes covered and with their backs to other children, who were told to either stare at them or look away. The results consistently showed that the children who could not see were able to (ii) _______ when they were being stared at. In a total of 18,000 trials (iii) _______ worldwide, the children correctly sensed when they were being watched almost 70% of the time. The experiment was repeated with the added precaution of putting the children who were being watched outside the room, separated from the starers by the windows. This was done just in case there was some (iv) _______ going on, with the children telling each other whether they were looking or not. This prevented the possibility of sounds being transmitted between the children. The results, though less impressive, were more or less the same. Dr. Sheldrake, the biologist who designed the study, believes that the results are (v) _______ enough to find out through further experiments precisely how the staring effect might actually come about.

(i)_______

I am very fond of _______.

Many adults in America and increasing numbers elsewhere take part in mentoring schemes. A mentor is an adult who provides support and friendship to a young person. There are (i) _____ different ways of mentoring: passing on skills, sharing experiences, offering guidance. Sometimes the most helpful thing is just to listen. Mentoring is open to anybody – no particular (ii) _____ experience is required, just a desire to make a difference to the life of a young person who needs help. This may seem a difficult thing at first, but many people find they have a real (iii) _____ for it.

The support of a mentor can play an important role in a child’s development and can often make up (iv) _____a lack of guidance in a young person’s life. It can also improve young people’s attitude towards society and build up their confidence in dealing with life’s challenges. For the mentor, it can be incredibly rewarding to know that they have had a significant (v) _____ on a child and helped to give them the best possible chance in life. Indeed, it is not only adults who are capable of taking on this role. There is now an increasing demand for teenagers to mentor younger children, for example by helping them with reading or other school work.

(ii)______

Stress is our body’s reaction to events or conditions that we cannot easily manage or control. When we are troubled by something, we usually experience some types of stress. There are thousand conditions that (i) _______ us to become tense. These may be major and horrible lighting for our lives in a war, being imprisoned or facing death. On the other hand, minor (ii) _______ in our daily lives cause stress as well: waiting in lines, taking a quiz, or asking for or accepting a date. Although we usually think of stress as something caused by unpleasant events, pleasant happenings also bring stress. As a new researeh is done on the effects of stress, new techniques are developed to help (iii) _______ with anxiety. One aid is to plan for situations that wc know will be stressful. Some imagine the event before it happens, thus preparing their minds and bodies for the tension. Others pretend they are on a pleasant beach (iv) _______ in the sunshine; soon their bodies relax and tension melts away. Other people believe strenuous exercise helps the body handle the problems of daily life. It matters very little which method we use to relax; what docs matter is finding the time to temporarily reduce the (v) _______ of modem life on our brain and body.

(iv)________