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China has more people than any other country in the world. China is almost equivalent, land-wise, to the United States. However, China has a much larger population.

The bars on the graph above compare the populations of China and the United States. Over 1,300,000,000 people live in China. This is four times more than the number of people who live in the United States!

Many Chinese live in cities. As people move to the cities, the cities grow. People build houses and businesses on land that was once used for farming. Then the land can no longer be used to grow crops. This makes it hard for China to grow enough food for its people.

The government was not sure there was enough food to feed people in the growing cities. So lawmakers tried to keep the cities from growing. The government even made a law to control population growth. The law said that most families living in cities should only have one child. Parents who have more than one child would have to pay a fine.