Cho \(\displaystyle a = {\log _2}3,b = {\log _3}5,c = {\log _7}2\). Hãy tính \(\displaystyle{\log _{140}}63\) theo \(\displaystyle a,b,c\).
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Lời giải:
Báo saiTa có: \(\displaystyle{\log _{140}}63 = {\log _{140}}({3^2}.7)\) \( = {\log _{140}}{3^2} + {\log _{140}}7\) \(\displaystyle = 2{\log _{140}}3 + {\log _{140}}7\)
\(\displaystyle = \frac{2}{{{{\log }_3}140}} + \frac{1}{{{{\log }_7}140}}\)\(\displaystyle = \frac{2}{{{{\log }_3}({2^2}.5.7)}} + \frac{1}{{{{\log }_7}({2^2}.5.7)}}\)
\( = \frac{2}{{{{\log }_3}{2^2} + {{\log }_3}5 + {{\log }_3}7}} \) \(+ \frac{1}{{{{\log }_7}{2^2} + {{\log }_7}5 + {{\log }_7}7}}\)
\(\displaystyle = \frac{2}{{2{{\log }_3}2 + {{\log }_3}5 + {{\log }_3}7}}\)\(\displaystyle + \frac{1}{{2{{\log }_7}2 + {{\log }_7}5 + 1}}\)
Từ đề bài suy ra:
\(\displaystyle{\log _3}2 = \frac{1}{{{{\log }_2}3}} = \frac{1}{a}\)
\(\displaystyle{\log _7}5 = {\log _7}2.{\log _2}3.{\log _3}5 = cab\)
\(\displaystyle{\log _3}7 = \frac{1}{{{{\log }_7}3}} = \frac{1}{{{{\log }_7}2.{{\log }_2}3}} = \frac{1}{{ca}}\)
Vậy \(\displaystyle{\log _{140}}63\)\(\displaystyle = \frac{2}{{\frac{2}{a} + b + \frac{1}{{ca}}}} + \frac{1}{{2c + cab + 1}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l}
= \frac{2}{{\frac{{2c + abc + 1}}{{ca}}}} + \frac{1}{{2c + abc + 1}}\\
= \frac{{2ca}}{{2c + abc + 1}} + \frac{1}{{2c + abc + 1}}
\end{array}\)
\(\displaystyle = \frac{{2ac + 1}}{{abc + 2c + 1}}\).
