Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show why speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing at least 5,000 years, but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings. When writing developed, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today, there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal man cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write; in the past, many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not to disparage the later. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

The word “disparage” in the passage mostly means ........

Câu hỏi liên quan

• The phrase “the one” in line 8 refers to a single ................

• The word “minute” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to _______.

• According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true about the tradition of tooth giving in the West?

ZUNIA12

• Around what time did the university begin to appear?

• Which of the following terms is defined in the passage?

• How is Briggo’s invention superior to human workers?

• The word “excluded” is closest meaning to .............

• What causes dodder to grow in a particular direction?

• When the writer first went to London, he was disappointed because ________.

• People thought Merlin was a dreamer because he__________.

• The word "means" in the passage most closely means ........

• The public expects the following three services in handling and delivery of mail except ............

• The author indicates that the ruby-throated hummingbird is found _______.

• According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

• Is it difficult to learn how to apologize somebody?

• Ancient education generally focused its efforts on _______.

• Which of the following is NOT true?

• The seashore was a barrier for descendants of fish-type because………

• What is the passage mainly about?

• Why does the author mention spaghetti?