Although speech is the most advanced form of communication, there are many ways of communicating without using speech. Signals, signs, symbols, and gestures may be found in every known culture. The basic function of signal is to impinge upon the environment in such a way that it attracts attention, as, for example, the dots and dashes of a telegraph circuit. Coded to refer to speech, the potential for communication is very great. Less adaptable to the codification of words, signs also contain meaning in and of themselves. A stop sign or a barber pole conveys meaning quickly and conveniently.

   Symbols are more difficult to describe than either signals or signs because of their intricate relationship with the receiver’s cultural perceptions. In some cultures, applauding in a theater provides performers with an auditory symbol of approval. Gestures such as waving and handshaking also communicate certain cultural messages.

   Although signals, signs, symbols, and gestures are very useful, they do have a major disadvantage in communication. They usually do not allow ideas to be shared without the sender being directly adjacent to the receiver. Without an exchange of ideas, interaction comes to a halt. As a result, means of communication intended to be used for long distances and extended periods must be based upon speech. To radio, television, and the telephone, one must add fax, paging systems, electronic mail, and the Internet, and no one doubts but that there are more means of communication on the horizon.

The word “intricate” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ___________.

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• The author mentions all of the following as jobs held by Moore EXCEPT ________

• The word which in the second paragraph refers to _______.

• The word consisting most nearly means ________.

ZUNIA12

• The passage mainly discusses Rachel Carson’s work ............

• All activities mentioned in the passage are household chores EXCEPT .................

• The word “oscillating“ in line 17 is closest in meaning to ........

• The passage implies that insects would be most attracted to lantana blossoms __________

• Which of the following statement is TRUE about the passage?

• The word “clogged” is most likely to correspond to ............

• Which of the following is TRUE according to passage?

• What can be the best title of the reading passage?

• What is the main focus of this passage?

• The word “this” as used in paragraph 2 refers to ___________.

• Based on the passage, what is probably true about the south of France?

• According to the passage, which of the following is a universal rule of etiquette?

• The word “bizarre” is closest meaning to ..........

• Education in early times was mostly aimed at _______.

• hat caused thousands of deaths in 2003?

• Why does the author of the passage mention the report of the President’s Science Advisory Committee (lines 14-15) ?

• What does the passage mainly discuss?