Ever since humans have inhabited the earth, they have made use of various forms of communication. Generally, this expression of thoughts and feelings has been in the form of oral speech. When there is a language barrier, communication is accomplished through sign language in which motions stand for letters, words and ideas. Tourists, the deaf, and the mute have no resort to this form of expression. Many of these symbols of the whole words are very picturesque and exact and can be used internationally: spelling, however, can not.

   Body language transmits ideas or thoughts by certain actions, either intentionally or unintentionally. A wink can be a way of flirting or indicating that the party is only joking. A nod signifies approval, while shaking the head indicates a negative reaction.

   Other forms of nonlinguistic language can be found in Braille (a system of raised dots read with fingertips), signal flags, Morse code, and smoke signals. Road maps and picture signs also guide, warn and instruct people. While verbalization is the most common form of language, other systems and techniques also express human thoughts and feelings.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions

Which of the following best summarizes this passage?

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• The word “accounts” is closest in meaning to ...........

• People need to communicate in order to__________

• The word “mechanisms” in paragraph 1 is most likely ________.

ZUNIA12

• Horace Pippin discovered he could paint and draw .............

• The word “this” in paragraph 2 refers to ______.

• The word “they” in the second paragraph refers to ______.

• When is the most famous football game held annually?

• The word ‘akin’ in paragraph 1 could be best replaced by ...........

• Which of the following concepts is defined in the passage?

• Green algae is generally found________.

• When the concept of universal primary education was introduced, education ................

• According to the author, what is one reason why the Internet is sometimes slow?

• In order to show that learning to write requires effort, the author gives the example of ....................

• According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE about the 1987 supernova?

• In order to achieve our goals, we should ...............

• The word “intermittently” in line 4 is closest in meaning to .........

• In what year did Melville’s book about his experiences as a cabin boy appear?

• Which of the following statements is NOT true?

• What is the author's main purpose?

• The phrase “these years” in the third paragraph refers to ________.