Because writing has become so important in our culture, we sometimes think of it as more real than speech. A little thought, however, will show w hy speech is primary and writing secondary to language. Human beings have been writing (as far as we can tell from surviving evidence) for at least 5000 years; but they have been talking for much longer, doubtless ever since there have been human beings.

When writing did develop, it was derived from and represented speech, although imperfectly. Even today there are spoken languages that have no written form. Furthermore, we all learn to talk well before we learn to write; any human child who is not severely handicapped physically or mentally will learn to talk: a normal human being cannot be prevented from doing so. On the other hand, it takes a special effort to learn to write. In the past many intelligent and useful members of society did not acquire the skill, and even today many who speak languages with writing systems never learn to read or write, while some who learn the rudiments of those skills do so only imperfectly.

To affirm the primacy of speech over writing is not, however, to disparage the latter. One advantage writing has over speech is that it is more permanent and makes possible the records that any civilization must have. Thus, if speaking makes us human, writing makes us civilized.

Learning to write is ..........

Câu hỏi liên quan

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ZUNIA12

• It can be inferred from the passage that ___________.

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• What is the main topic of the passage?

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• What does the passage lead you to believe?

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• Which of the following can be inferred from the first paragraph?

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• Scientists concluded from the experiment with chimpanzees and chocolate chips that chimpanzees __________.

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• What does the author imply in the last sentence of the passage?

• Which of the following is NOT true about the concerns over roboties?