The new manager  .......  very strict rules as soon as he had taken over the position.

Today large sums of money go into the search for treatments for a whole range of diseases. Three hundred years ago, when European explorers returned from distant lands with unfamiliar substances they’d found there, the problem was how to (i) _____ the illnesses for which these new imports could possibly be a cure. When the brown chocolate bean was first (ii) _____  into Britain from Mexico, it was thought to have medicinal qualities. Sir Hans Sloane was the man who is said to have (iii) _____  with the idea of mixing the powdered bean with milk. Sloane was an important figure in eighteenth-century London, a landowner whose name lives on in some of the city’s most fashionable streets and squares. Less appreciated is his contribution to the beginning of a national addiction; the (iv) _____ Briton gets through eight kilograms of chocolate a year, a level of consumption exceeded only by the Swiss. Today, when almost every pleasure is regarded as addictive, the name ‘chocoholics” is given to people who can’t get enough of the stuff. (v) _____ of its fat and sugar content, chocolate is usually an enemy of slender elegance.

(V)_______

David tried his best  ...........  , but his girlfriend refused .............

Parents whose children show a special interest in a particular sport have a difficult decision to  (i) _____  about their children’s career. Should they allow their children to train to become top sportsmen and women? For many children, it means starting very young and school work, going out with friends and other interests have to take second place. Il’s very difficult to explain to a young child why he or she has to train for five hours a day, even at the weekend, when (ii) _____of his or her friends are playing. Another problem is of course money. In many countries, money for training is available from the government for the very best young sportsmen and women. If this help cannot be given, it means that it is the parents (iii) _____ have to find the time and the money to support their child’s development- and sports clothes, transport to competitions, special equipment etC. can all be very expensive. Many parents are understandably worried that it is dangerous to start serious training in a sport at an early age. Some doctors agree that young (iv) _____ may be damaged by training before they are properly developed.Professional trainers, however, believe that it is only by starting young that you can reach the top as a successful sports person. What is clear is that very (v) _____  people reach the top and both parents and children should be prepared for failure even after many years of training.

(iii)______

Teaching English as a foreign language can be a great way to travel the world and earn money at the same time. However, some graduates actually like idea of (i) _______  a career in teaching English, and there are numerous courses at various levels, from the basic certificate to the Diploma or even the master’s. To find the right course, a good place to start is TEFL.com – an internet site with lots of relevant information and helpful (ii)_______  including a full list of places in the UK offering courses. The site also offers assistance to qualified graduates (iii)_______  finding work. When deciding a full list of places, what to do is to look at what your needs are. If you want a career in leaching English, then definitely find one designed for that (iv) _______  , such as an MA or diploma; but if you want to travel around the world, then do a shorter course that will supply you with teaching skills. Some countries will employ people without a teaching qualification as long as the teacher is a (v) _______ speaker of English. However, most countries now expect a qualification. It is advisable to make sure that the course that you want to do is recognized and that it includes a period of teaching practice. This is important in preparing people to be English language teachers.

(v)______

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. "This kind of fruit helps to _____ the immune system."

lí’you’re interested in having the trip of a lifetime, but also doing something useful at the same time, then why not try joining a Grccnforcc expedition as a volunteer. Grccnforcc, which was (i) _____ in 1997, is an international researeh agency that gathers information about the wildlife and natural habitats in various parts of the world. There is a qualified biologist in (ii) _____ of each team of volunteers and these carry out surveys all year round in some of the world’s remotest and most beautiful places. Volunteers come from all walks of life. The minimum age is 18 years, but there is no upper age (iii)  _____. No previous experience is necessary as Greenforce provides full training in animal identification and survey methods. You’ll need to be somebody who enjoys the outdoor life, however, as working in remote locations can be challenging. You’ll also need to be (iv) _____ about wildlife and prepared to learn a lot about the place you visit. Each expedition lasts for ten weeks, and training begins in the UK with a residential weekend where you can get a taste of expedition life and meet up with some of your team mates, as (v) _____ as learning about first- aid and basic survival skills. Each volunteer contributes 2,550 towards the cost of the expedition, but past volunteers say it is worth every penny.

(i)_______

We are using up the world’s petroleum. We use it in our cars and to heat our building in winter. Farmers use petrochemicals to make the soil rich. They use them to kill insects (i) _______ eat plants. These chemicals go into rivers and lakes and kill the fish there. Thousands of pollutants also go into the air and pollute it. Winds carry this (ii) _______ air to other countries and other continents. Poor farmers use the same land over and over. The land needs a rest so it will be better next year. However, the farmers must have food this year. Poor people cut down forests (iii) _______ firewood. In some areas when the trees are gone, the land becomes desert. Poor people can’t save the environment for the (iv) _______ . This is not a problem for one country or one area of the world. It is a problem for all- humans. The people and the nations of the world must work together to (v) _______  the world’s resources.

(v)_____-

All sorts of people need to know what the weather is going to do. They do not all want to know the same information for the same period of time, however. For someone (i) _____ a small boat across the lake, wind or rain on that day will matter whereas a farmer might be more interested in the chances of rain over the next six months. The one thing they (ii) _____  need, however, is totally dependable information. And it is for this reason that forecasting is a very big international business. Today, because the accuracy of forecast is important to so many people, weather satellites cross from pole to pole every hour and a quarter, reporting back to earth from fifty miles up, although of course, it hasn’t always been so easy. Ancient Greek philosophers like Aristotle started weather forecasting by trying to (iii) _____ logically what was happening in the sky above them. They weren’t always right, but they understood the importance of systematic observation. But forecasting remained limited so long as people only knew what was happening in their own section of sky. It was the arrival of the electric telegraph in the 1830s that (iv) _____ forecasters to get a wider picture of the weather that was on its way. This information could then be (v) _____ on to those in its path while it was still of use.

(iii)_______

The internet is like a huge city, full of many different kinds of places and people. As a real city, there are certain places which are suitable for youngsters and others which need to be avoided. The Internet neither belongs to (i) _____ is controlled by anyone person, organisation or government. It gives all of US the opportunity to create material for others to seC. On the other hand, as in ordinary life, there are those who might use it for illegal (ii) _____. The freedom of the Net offers exciting opportunities for youngsters and, (iii) _____ being aware of the possible dangers and taking steps to avoid them, they can happily explore that online world in safety. Common sense will certainly help children to use the Internet safely.It is preferable, for example, for parents to get to know (iv) _____ their children are meeting online and make sure they never give our personal information about themselves. Although it is an excellent tool for learning, playing and communicating and others, youngsters should not be allowed to become so involved that they forget other activities important to their development. Obviously, surfing as a family activity is the best solution, so that any problems that are fond can be discussed together. Parents need to thinks about safetv issues and aerree on a set of rules. Just as youngsters are given instruction on road (v) _____, they also need to be instructed on how to travel safely along that superhighway.

(ii)______

People love to complain. Moaning to friends can be a source of relief from the stresses and strains of work, study or relationships. But when it comes to protesting to a retailer about faulty good and services, many of US find we don’t have nerve and choose to (i) _____ in silence. By the time we do eventually summon up the courage to make our point, we have generally already allowed the problem to get to us, and we are angry. In this stale, we can all too (ii) _____ become aggressive, gearing up for battle and turning what should be a rational discussion into a conflict. To complain effectively, you need to be specific about your problem and communicate it clearly using words which are objective and fair. (iii) _____ over the top with emotional language and unreasonable claims will get you nowhere.

Good negotiators tend to be calm and logical. They start by explaining situation and stating their requirements clearly, without threat. Most complains prompt a defensive (iv) _____ from the other person, but by being reasonable yourself, you stand more chance of achieving the positive (v) _____ you want.

(ii)_______

Choose the correct answer to each of the following questions. " The doctor warned his patient not to take _____ much sugar."

In Britain, greetings cards are sold in chain stores and supermarkets, in newsagents’ shops, comer shops and, increasingly, in shops that specialize in the sale of cards and paper for wrapping presents in. The (i)  _______ cards are birthday and Christmas cards. Many Christmas cards are sold in aid of charity and special ‘charily card shops’ are often set up in temporary premises in the weeks before Christmas. A wide (ii) _______ of birthday cards is available to cater for different ages and tastes. Some, especially ones for young children or for people (iii) _________ a particular birthday, have the person’s age on the front. Many have comic, often risque, messages printed on them, and cartoon-style illustrations. Others are more sober, with reproductions of famous paintings or attractive original designs. The usual greeting on a birthday card is ‘Happy Birthday’, ‘Many Happy Returns’ or ‘Best Wishes for a Happy Birthday’. Some people also send special cards for Easter and New Year, Easter cards (iv) _______ portray images of spring, such as chicks, eggs, lambs, spring flowers, etc., or have a religious theme. Cards are produced for every ‘milestone’ in a person’s life. There are special cards for (v) _______ engagement, a marriage, a new home, a birth, success in an examination, retirement, a death in the family, etC. Some are ‘good luck’ or ‘congratulations’ cards. Others, for example ‘get weir cards for people who are ill, express sympathy.

(ii)_____-

Smart shoes that adjust their size throughout the day could soon be available. A prototype of such a shoe has already been produced and a commercial (i) _____ may be in production within a few years. The shoe contains sensors that constantly check the amount of (ii) _____ left in it. If the fool has become too large, a tiny valve opens and the shoe expands slightly. The entire control system is about 5mm square and is located inside the shoe. This radical shoe (iii) _____ a need because the volume of the average foot can change by as much as 8% during the course of the day. The system is able to learn about the wearer’s feet and build up a picture of the size of his or her feet throughout the day. It will allow the shoes to change in size by up to 8% so that they always fit (iv) _____. They are obviously more comfortable and less likely to cause blisters. From an athlete’s point of view, they can help improve performance a little, and that is why the first use for the system will find a place in other household items, from beds that automatically change to fit the person sleeping in them, to power tools that (v) _____themselves to the user’s hand for better grip. There is no reason why the system couldn’t be adapted for use in hundreds of consumer possessions.

(iv)_____

What’s in a name? In the case of the secretary, it can be something rather surprising to call a secretary “anyone who handle correspondence, keeps records and docs clerical work for others”. But while this particular job definition looks a bit (i) _____, the word’s original meaning is a hundred times more exotic and perhaps more appropriate. The word itself has been with US since the 14th century and comes the mediaeval Latin word secretaries meaning “Something hidden”. Secretaries started out as those members of staff with knowledge hidden from the ones mysteriously operating the secret machinery of organizations.A few years ago “Something hidden” probably meant kept out of sight, lucked away with all the other secretaries and typists. A good secretary was an unremarkable one, efficiently (ii) _____ orders, and then returning mouse-like to his or her station behind the typewriter, but, with the (iii) _____ of new technology, the job effectively upgraded itself and the role has changed to one closer to the original meaning. The skills required are more demanding and more technical. Companies are (iv) _____ that secretarial staff should already be highly trained in, or at least familiar with, a range of word processing packages. The professionals in the recruitment business see all these developments as improving the jobs which secretaries are being asked to do. It may also encourage a dramatic (v) _____ in office practice. In the past it was usual to regard the secretary as almost dehumanized, to be seen and not heard.

(i)_______

Beware …………..pickpockets! 

Japan is no longer an Empire. When it lost all of its colonics, it also (i) ______ Korea and Dokdo Island. Dokdo Island has always been Korean territory and part of its country. Japan only wants to rebuild its Empire by sending its ships there. On the other hand, Japan says that it only wants to check (ii) ______ for more fish. There are many South Korean fishing boats in the area and Japanese fishermen have no place to do their own fishing. However, Japan has similar problems with two (iii) ______ neighbors, China and Russia, over two other islands, Senkaku/ Diaoyu and North Territories/ Kurils.

Liancourt Rocks may (iv) ______ an unimportant matter, but it is not. If Japan gives up its right to it, it has a good chance of losing its right to other islands as well. Japan has demanded the USA to act as a judge in this argument, but South Korea refuses to (v) ______ another country decide over its own land.

(v)______

Parrots and macaws have become so rare that special varieties of these birds are fetching up to £9,000 each on the black market in Britain. Macaws from Brazil cost from £1,000 and parrots from Australia can cost £7,500 a pair. The demand for parrots, cockatoos and macaws has led to a (i) _______ increase in thefts from zoos, wildlife parks and pet shops. London and Whipsnade zoos are among the many places from which parrots have been stolen. Some thefts have not been (ii) _______  in an effort to prevent further incidents. Parrot rustling, as it is known among bird fanciers, has increased rapidly in Britain since 1976 when imports and exports of exotic birds became (iii) _______ controlled. Quarantine controls, coupled with the scareity of many types of paiTOts in the wild in Africa, Australia, Indonesia, and South America, have caused a shortage of birds which can be sold legally under (iv) _______. This has sent prices to (v) _______ levels. Working al night and equipped with wire-cutters, nets and substances to dope the birds, the rustlers are prepared to take serious risks to capture the parrots they want. At Birdworld, a specialist zoo, thieves stole two parrots after picking their way through an enclosure containing cassowaries. The cassowary is a large flightless bird, related to the emu, which can be extremely agressive, and has been known to kill humans with blows from its powerful legs.

(iii)_______

Many of the things we do depend on receiving information from other people. Catching a train, making a phone call and going to the cinema all involve information that is stored, processed and communicated. In the past, this information had to be kept on paper (i) _______  , for example, books, newspapers and timetables. Now, more and more information is put on computers. Computers play a role in our everyday lives, sometimes without US even realizing it. (ii) _______  the use of computers in both shops and offices. Big shops have to deal with very large amount of information. They have to make sure that there are enough goods on the shelves for customers to buy, they need to be ablcto reorder before (iii) _______ run out. A lot of office work in the past involved information on paper. Once it had been dealt with by people, the paper was (iv) _______ for future reference. This way of working was never particularly easy or fast. A computer system is much more (v) _______ .

(v)_______

Long ago, Chinese people didn’t say “How are you” when they met each other or saw their friends. They said, “(i) _____ you eaten your rice today?”. Eating rice (ii) _____ such an important part of daily life in China! Rice is still one of the (iii) _____ important kinds of food in the modem world. Nearly half the people that live on our planet eat it every day and in some countries, an adult eats more than 100 kilos of rice each year. We think that people first (iv) rice in India. In China, people began eating rice about 5,000 years ago. Rice wasn’t eaten in North America until 17th century, but many Americans prefer to cat pasta these days (v) _____ only cat about 2 kilos of rice per year.

(iv)___

Researehers in the field of psychology have found that one of the best ways to make an important decision, such as choosing a university to attend or a business to invest in, involves the utilization of a decision worksheet. Psychologists (i) _______ optimization compare the actual decisions made by people to theoretical ideal decisions to see how similar they are. Proponents of the worksheet procedure believe that it will yield optimal, that is, the best decisions. (ii) _______ there are several variations on the exact format that worksheets can lake, they are all similar in their essential aspects. Worksheets require defining the problem (iii) _______ a clear and concise way and then listing all possible solutions to the problem. Next, the pertinent considerations that will be affected by each decision are listed, and the relative importance of each consideration or consequence (iv) _______ . Each consideration is assigned a numerical value to reflect its relative importance. A decision is mathematically calculated by adding these values together. The alternative with the highest number of points emerges as the best decision. Since most important problems are multifaceted, there are several alternatives to choose from, each with unique advantages and disadvantages. One of the benefits of a pencil and paper (v) _______ procedure is that it permits people to deal with more variables than their minds can generally comprehend and remember.

(i)_______