Reading the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks

Nowadays, emphasis is often placed on assessment for learning, as opposed to assessment of learning. But what exactly is the difference? In brief, assessment for learning involves the teacher and student becoming (29) ______ of how learning can be improved, and techniques mastered. Assessment of learning, on the other hand, simply tests what a student knows. Assessment for learning consists of students recognising where they are and where they want to go to in order to reach their goals. (30) ______, they need to participate actively in their learning.

In order for students to be motivated to learn, there should always be a clear lesson objective and all targets should focus on the needs and abilities of (31) ______ individual class. The teacher’s role is to explain to students why they are learning what they are learning, and as most students’ attention (32) ______ is short, teachers should opt for a variety of interactive activities during the lesson. The use of audiovisual aids generally helps students pick up things more easily, (33) ______ in turn makes the learning process more effective overall.

(Adapted from Reactivate Your Grammar and Vocabulary by Alexandra Green)