It is hard to think of a world without gas or electricity. Both are commonly used for lighting and heating today. We now can instantly flick a lighter or strike a match to make a flame. But it was not long ago that there were no such things as matches or lighters. To make fire, it was necessary to strike a piece of iron on flint for sparks to ignite some tinder. If the tinder was damp, or the flint old, you had to borrow some fire from a neighbor.

We do not know exactly when or how people first used fire. Perhaps, many ages ago, they found that sticks would burn if they were dropped into some hole where melted lava from a volcano lay boiling. They brought the lighted sticks back to make their fire in a cave. Or, they may have seen trees catch fire through being struck by lightning, and used the trees to start their own fires.

Gradually people learned they could start a fire without traveling far to find flames. They rubbed two pieces of wood together. This method was used for thousands of years.

When people became used to making fires with which to cook food and stay warm at night, they found that certain resins or gums from trees burnt longer and brighter. They melted resins and dipped branches in the liquid to make torches that lit their homes at night. Iron stands in which torches used to be fixed can still be seen in old buildings of Europe.

There was no lighting in city streets until gas lamps, and then electric lamps were installed. Boys ran about London at night carrying torches of burning material. They were called torch boys, or link boys, and earned a living by guiding visitors to friends’ houses at night.

For centuries homes were lit by candles until oil was found. Even then, oil lamps were no more effective than a cluster of candles. We read about the splendors and marvels of ancient palaces and castles, but we forget that they must have been gloomy and murky places at night.

It is mentioned in the passage that before the electric lamp was invented ...............

Câu hỏi liên quan

•  The text is mainly about __________.

• According to the passage, why someone would choose to drink tea instead of coffee?

• According to the passage, Moby Dick is .............

ZUNIA12

• The four boys of the Beatles .................

• According to decision-worksheet theory, an optimal decision is defined as one that ............

• The word “elite” in the second paragraph is closest in meaning to___________.

• The word “hazard” in the passage means ................

• The word “partial" in the passage is closest in meaning to ..............

• The word "it" refers to ______.

• The author mentions the “ shoesbox under the bed” in order to ___________.

• The author states that the reason that infants need to avoid certain foods related to allergies has to do with the infant's ___________ .

• Today’s students with the aid of computer__________

• The word "grip" in the passage means to ..........

• According to the writer, failure in life and less support from parents will ______.

• The underlined word “they” in paragraph 2 refers to ..........

• The word “threat” in paragraph 2 could best be replaced by ___________.

• Most people are afraid of being operated on ............

• According to the passage, an overconfident front may hide ...............

• What is probably the writer’s attitude in the passage?

• Who were the first people to have seen these apelike creatures before the five campers?