Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
Cleaning the World’s Oceans
Imagine taking a romantic walk on the beach with your loved one. As the sun begins to set, you hope to treasure this moment forever. Just then, your bare feet stumble over something and you hear a crack. You have just stepped upon a plastic soda bottle and some junk that the tide has washed ashore. Scenarios like this are happening more frequently due to an access amount of sea rubbish, and the worst of it is found far from land. The increasing accumulation of garbage in oceans is due to a number of factors. Studies suggest that 80 percent of all debris originated on land. The majority of this waste is in the form of plastics. This is particularly troublesome because plastic does not degrade at the same rate that other materials do. Therefore, these articles will remain there for quite some time. Some of the pollution is caused accidentally. For example, about 10,000 product-filled containers are lost at sea every year by freight ships. In other cases, the littering is more deliberate, such as the moment when people toss things into the water from boats or land. One of the most startling discoveries of recent years was an area which is now dubbed the Great Pacific Garbage Patch. It is a large collection of marine debris that collected in the North Pacific Ocean. Although the patch is quite massive, it is undetectable from satellites in space because most of the rubbish is underneath the surface. It was discovered in 1997 by a man who happened to spot it while returning home from a sailing race. The patch formed as a result of rubbish being carried by currents and then getting trapped in the area. Thankfully, the problem of ocean garbage is not being ignored. Organizations like the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Association (NOAA) are taking action. It has funded 76 projects that take an aggressive approach to eliminating sea rubbish. Since 2006, it has removed 3,814 metric tons of marine debris from oceans. Methods of rubbish removal include using machines that skim the surface of ocean waters and remove any drifting materials found. In addition, special traps are set by the mouths of rivers to snatch rubbish before it reaches the sea. If everyone does their part, sea rubbish seems like an issue that can be resolved.
3. The word “it” in paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ___________

Read the reading below carefully, and then complete it with the best option A, B, C or D given below:
Conservation, sustainable use and protection of (1) _______ resources including plants, animals, mineral deposits, soils, clean (2) _______, clean air, and fossil fuels such as coal, petroleum, and natural gas. Natural (3) _______ are grouped into two categories, renewable and nonrenewable. A (4) _______ resource is one that may be replaced over time by natural processes, (5) _______ fish populations or natural vegetation, or is inexhaustible, such as solar energy.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
Not everybody recognizes the benefits of new developments in communications technology. Indeed, some people fear that text messaging may actually be having a negative (1)_____ on young people's communication and language skills, especially when we hear that primary school children may be at (2)______ of becoming addicted to the habit. So widespread has texting become, however, that even pigeons have started doing it. What’s more, in this case, it's difficult to view the results as anything but positive.
Twenty of the birds are about to (3) ______ to the skies with the task of measuring air pollution, each (4) _____ with sensor equipment and a mobile phone. The (5) _____ made by the sensors will be automatically (6) _____ into text messages and beamed to the Internet - where they will appear on a dedicated 'pigeon blog'.

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Would you like __________ a cartoon with us tonight?

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.

   My family consists of four people. There's my father whose name is Jan, my mother whose name is Marie, my brother, Peter and of course, me. I have quite a large extended family as well but, only the four of us live together in our apartment in a block of flats. My father is fifty-two years old. He works as an accountant in an insurance company. He is tall and slim, has got short brown and gray hair and blue eyes. My father likes gardening very much as well as listening to music and reading books about political science. His special hobbies are bird watching and travelling.

   Now I’ll describe my mother and my brother. My mother is forty-seven and she works as a nurse in a hospital. She is small, and slim, has short brown hair and green eyes. She likes bird watching and travelling too, so whenever my parents are able to they go someplace interesting for nature watching. Since we have a cottage with a garden they both spend a lot of time there. My brother is sixteen. He is slim and has short brown hair and blue eyes. He also attends high school. He is interested in computers and sports like football and hockey. He also spends a lot of time with his friends.

   I have only one grandmother left still living. She is in pretty good health even at the age of seventyeight so she still lives in her own flat. I enjoy spending time with her when I can. Both my grandfathers died from cancer because they were smokers, which was really a great tragedy because I didn't get chance to know them. My other grandmother died just a few years ago. I also have a lot of aunts, uncles, and cousins. The cousin I’m closest to is my uncle’s daughter Pauline. We have a lot in common because we are both eighteen and so we are good friends.

   My parents have assigned me certain duties around the house. I don't mind helping out because everyone in a family should contribute in some way. I help with the washing up, the vacuuming and the shopping. Of course I also have to help keep my room tidy as well. My brother is responsible for the dusting and mopping. He also has to clean his own room. Even though my brother and I sometimes fight about who has to do what job, we are still very close. I am also very close to my parents and I can rely on them to help me. My parents work together to keep our home well maintained and it seem they always have a project or another that they are working on. They respect each other's opinions and even if they disagree they can always come to a compromise. I hope in the future that 1 have a family like ours.

 What happened to the writer’s grandfathers?

Choose the best answer:
Egypt is famous ____ ancient pyramids.

The UK Government ensures that all schools in the UK (1)______ certain standards, and this includes independent schools as well as those that are (2)_____ by the Government. All qualifications are awarded by national agencies accredited by the Qualification and Curriculum Authority (QCA), (3)____ the quality of the qualifications you will gain is guaranteed. At many independent schools in England, you will be encouraged to take part (4)_____ extracurricularactivities to develop your hobbies and learn new skills, and you may be encouraged to take graded music exams (5)______ by the Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music. The exam grades gained from these are widely accepted toward university entry requirements.

(69)_______

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the questions:
Niagara Falls, one of the most famous North American natural wonders, has long been a popular tourist destination. Tourists today flock to see the two falls that actually constitute Niagara Falls: the 173-foot-high Horseshoe Falls on the Canadian side of the Niagara River in the Canadian province of Ontario and 182-foot-high American Falls on the U.S. side of the river in the state of New York. Approximately 85 percent of the water that goes over the falls actually goes over Horseshoe Falls, with the rest going over American Falls.
Most visitors come between April and October, and it is quite a popular activity to take a steamer out onto the river and right up to the base of the falls for a close-up view. It is also possible to get a spectacular view of the falls from the strategic locations along the Niagara River, such as Prospect Point of Table Rock, or from one of the four observation towers which have heights up to 500 feet.
Tourists have been visiting Niagara Falls in large numbers since the 1800’s; annual visitation now averages above 10 million visitors per year. Because of concern that all these tourists would inadvertently destroy the natural beauty of this scenic wonder, the State of New York in 1885 created Niagara Falls Park in order to protect the land surrounding American Falls.
A year later Canda created Queen Victoria Park on the Canadian side of the Niagara, around Horseshoe Falls. With the area surrounding the falls under the jurisdiction of government agencies, appropriate steps could be taken to preserve the pristine beauty of the area.

The paragraph following the passage most probably discusses     .

Choose the answer that is nearest in meaning to the sentence printed before.
She had only just begun to speak when people started interrupting.

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I saw your parents______ a car yesterday evening.

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks
Schools in the United States have not always had a large number of libraries. As recently as 1958 about half of the public schools in the United States had no libraries at all. The (1)........ of public school libraries increased dramatically when the federal government passed the Elementary and Secondary Education Act of 1965, which provided funds for school districts to improve their education programs  and facilities, including their  libraries. (2).......... , many educators claim that since the legislation was passed federal spending has not increased sufficiently to meet the rising cost of new library technologies such as computer databases and Internet access.
Because the federal government provides  only  limited  funds  to  schools,  individual  school  districts (3)............. on funds from local property taxes to meet the vast majority of public schools tend to reflect the financial capabilities of the communities in which they are located. Districts in wealthy suburbs often have  fully  staffed  libraries  (4)........... abundant resources, spacious facilities, and curricular and instructional  support. In (5)....................... school districts in many poor areas house their libraries in ordinary classrooms or in small rooms. The libraries in such areas are generally staffed by volunteers, who organize and maintain books that are often out-of-date, irrelevant, or damaged.
(3)..............................

Choose the best answer:
Do / exercise / regularly / help / you / stay / healthy.

Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the undelined part that needs correction in each of the following questions:
The mineral particles found in soil range in size from microscopic clay particles to large boulders. The most abundant particles - sand, silt, and clay - are the focus of examination in studies of soil texture. Texture is the term used to describe the line composite sizes of particles in a soil sample, typically several representative handfuls. To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight. The weights of each size are then expressed as a percentage of the sample weight.
In the field, soil texture can be estimated by extracting a handful of sod and squeezing the damp soil into three basic shapes; cast, a lump formed by squeezing a sample in a clenched fist; thread, a pencil shape formed by rolling soil between the palms; and ribbon, a flatfish shape formed by squeezing a small sample between the thumb and index finger. The behavioral characteristics of the soil when molded into each of these shapes, if they can be formed at all, provides the basis for a general textural classification. The behavior of the soil in the hand test is determined by the amount of clay in the sample. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic. Therefore the higher the clay content in a sample, the more refined and durable the shapes into which it can be molded.
Another method of determining soil texture involves the use of devices called sediment sieves, screens built with a specified mesh size. When the soil is filtered through a group of sieves, each with a different mesh size, the particles become grouped in corresponding size categories. Each category can be weighed to make a textural determination. Although sieves work well for silt, sand, and larger particles, they are not appropriate for clay particles. Clay is far too small to sieve accurately; therefore, in soils with a high proportion of clay, the fine particles are measured on the basis of their settling velocity when suspended in water. Since clays settle so slowly, they
are easily segregated from sand and silt. The water can be drawn off and evaporated, leaving a residue of clay, which can be weighed.

It can be inferred from the passage that a soil sample with little or no clay in it     .

Choose the best answer:
Charlie said, "I don’t know what Fred is doing".

Read the passage below carefully, and then choose the best answer:
Piranhas on Parade
With the exception of whales and sharks, fish are generally considered to be harmless creatures. The thought of a small fish hurting anyone is almost laughable. However, piranhas are an exception to this rule. They frequently attack in groups and in some cases they can cause great bodily harm. Most piranhas are under 25 centimetres long, but don’t let their size fool you. Unlike most fish, they have two rows of razor-sharp teeth. Their triangular shape makes them perfect for puncturing and shredding whatever they bite. Although piranhas usually swim alone, they also hunt in school of 1,000 fish or more, which greatly multiplies the damage they are capable of. As small fry, they feed of vegetables and plankton until they can tolerate meat. In terms of flesh, they will eat any animals or fish that enters their territory when swimming in schools, even humans. In some cases, hungry piranhas will even go after each other if they are really desperate for a snack. However, the danger they present to humans is often exaggerated. In Hollywood films, piranhas are often portrayed as vicious destroyers who love to eat people. Some rumours even developed that schools of hungry piranhas will quickly kill and consume humans in a matter of seconds. In reality, the majority of these attacks only consist of a few painful, but non-life threatening bites to the person. However, that is not always the case. A recent attack on December 25, 2013 in Argentina left at least 60 people injured. Victims were wading in a river when a sudden attack began. Local police believe that some local debris left floating by fishermen brought the piranhas to the area. Many swimmers left the water with cuts all over their bodies, and a few even had to have their limbs amputated. Oddly enough, some people choose to keep piranhas in their home aquariums. However, piranhas can be tough to catch for this purpose because their sharp teeth can easily cut through fishing nets. Before buying one, be sure to check local laws as it is illegal to own them in many areas. Lawmakers often fear of the damage piranhas can cause to marine life if an owner decides to release them into a local stream.
2. Which of the following best matches the meaning of the word “puncturing” in paragraph 2?

Choose the best answer:
Laura reminded her roommate ...... her alarm clock for 6:00.

Choose the best answer:
Most of the pupils are _____ to pass the examination.

Read the following passage and choose the best answer (A, B, C, D):
Although noise, commonly defined as unwanted sound, is a widely recognized form of pollution, it is very difficult to measure because the discomfort experienced by different individuals is highly subjective and, therefore, variable. Exposure to lower levels of noise may be slightly irritating, whereas exposure to higher levels may actually cause hearing loss. Particularly in congested urban areas, the noise produced as a by-product of our advancing technology causes physical and psychological harm, and detracts from the quality of life for those who are exposed to it.Unlike the eyes, which can be covered by the eyelids against strong light, the ear has no lid, and is, therefore, always open and vulnerable; noise penetrates without protection.Noise causes effects that the hearer cannot control and to which the body never becomes accustomed. Loud noises instinctively signal danger to any organism with a hearing mechanism, including human beings. In response, heartbeat and respiration accelerate, blood vessels constrict, the skin pales, and muscles tense. In fact, there is a general increase in functioning brought about by the flow of adrenaline released in response to fear, and some of these responses persist even longer than the noise, occasionally as long as thirty minutes after the sound has ceased.Because noise is unavoidable in a complex, industrial society, we are constantly responding in the same way that we would respond to danger. Recently, researchers have concluded that noise and our response may be much more than an annoyance. It may be a serious threat to physical and psychological health and well-being, causing damage not only to the ear and brain but also to the heart and stomach. We have long known that hearing loss is America’s number one nonfatal health problem, but now we are learning that some of us with heart disease and ulcers may be victims of noise as well. Fetuses exposed to noise tend to be overactive, they cry easily, and they are more sensitive to gastrointestinal problems after birth. In addition, the psychic effect of noise is very important. Nervousness, irritability, tension, and anxiety increase affecting the quality of rest during sleep, and the efficiency of activities during waking hours, as well as the way that we interact with each other.

1. Which of the following is the author‟s main point?

Choose the best answer:
London/ city/ the/ historic/ is/ of/ buildings.

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This price reduction is due to ………… among suppliers.

There are many superstitions in Britain, but one of the most (1) ______ held is that it is unlucky to walk under a ladder even if it means (2) ______the pavement into a busy street! If you must pass under a ladder, you can avoid bad luck by crossing your fingers and keeping them crossed until you have seen a dog. (3) ______, you may lick your finger and make a cross on the toe of your shoe, and not look again at the shoe until the mark has dried. Another common superstition is that it is unlucky to open an umbrella in the house - it will either bring (4) ______ to the person who opened it or to the whole (5) ______. Anyone opening an umbrella in the fine weather is unpopular, as it inevitably brings rain!

(65)_______-