Hằng ngày, mực nước của con kênh lên xuống theo thủy triều. Độ sâu h(m) của mực nước trong kênh tính theo thời gian t(h) được cho bởi công thức: \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaamiAaiabg2 % da9iaaiodaciGGJbGaai4BaiaacohadaqadaqaamaalaaabaGaeqiW % daNaamiDaaqaaiaaiAdaaaGaey4kaSYaaSaaaeaacqaHapaCaeaaca % aIZaaaaaGaayjkaiaawMcaaiabgUcaRiaaigdacaaIYaaaaa!464B! h = 3\cos \left( {\frac{{\pi t}}{6} + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) + 12\)
Khi nào mực nước của kênh là cao nhất với thời gian ngắn nhất?
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Lời giải:
Báo saiTa có: \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyOeI0IaaG % ymaiabgsMiJkGacogacaGGVbGaai4CamaabmaabaWaaSaaaeaacqaH % apaCaeaacaaI2aaaaiaadshacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiabec8aWbqaai % aaiodaaaaacaGLOaGaayzkaaGaeyizImQaaGymaaaa!470F! - 1 \le \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{6}t + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) \le 1\) \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaaG % yoaiabgsMiJkaadIgacqGHKjYOcaaIXaGaaGynaaaa!3EE4! \Leftrightarrow 9 \le h \le 15\). Do đó mực nước cao nhất của kênh là 15m đạt được khi \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaci4yaiaac+ % gacaGGZbWaaeWaaeaadaWcaaqaaiabec8aWbqaaiaaiAdaaaGaamiD % aiabgUcaRmaalaaabaGaeqiWdahabaGaaG4maaaaaiaawIcacaGLPa % aacqGH9aqpcaaIXaaaaa!4303! \cos \left( {\frac{\pi }{6}t + \frac{\pi }{3}} \right) = 1\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HS9aaS % aaaeaacqaHapaCaeaacaaI2aaaaiaadshacqGHRaWkdaWcaaqaaiab % ec8aWbqaaiaaiodaaaGaeyypa0Jaam4AaiaaikdacqaHapaCaaa!43B1! \Leftrightarrow \frac{\pi }{6}t + \frac{\pi }{3} = k2\pi \)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaam % iDaiabg2da9iabgkHiTiaaikdacqGHRaWkcaaIXaGaaGOmaiaadUga % aaa!3F41! \Leftrightarrow t = - 2 + 12k\)
Vì \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaey % OeI0IaaGOmaiabgUcaRiaaigdacaaIYaGaam4Aaiabg6da+iaaicda % aaa!3F04! t>0 \Leftrightarrow - 2 + 12k > 0\)\(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaeyi1HSTaam % 4Aaiabg6da+maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaiAdaaaaaaa!3BD3! \Leftrightarrow k > \frac{1}{6}\)
Chọn số k nguyên dương nhỏ nhất thoả \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Aaiabg6 % da+maalaaabaGaaGymaaqaaiaaiAdaaaaaaa!3977! k > \frac{1}{6}\) là \(% MathType!MTEF!2!1!+- % feaahqart1ev3aqatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn % hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXatLxBI9gBaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqtubsr % 4rNCHbGeaGqiVu0Je9sqqrpepC0xbbL8F4rqqrFfpeea0xe9Lq-Jc9 % vqaqpepm0xbba9pwe9Q8fs0-yqaqpepae9pg0FirpepeKkFr0xfr-x % fr-xb9adbaqaaeGaciGaaiaabeqaamaabaabaaGcbaGaam4Aaiabg2 % da9iaaigdacqGHshI3caWG0bGaeyypa0JaaGymaiaaicdaaaa!3E76! k = 1 \Rightarrow t = 10\)